Cuantificación de los efectos del tráfico de la maquinaria agrícola sobre el suelo y el rendimiento del cultivo de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.)
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La germinación de semillas y la producción de cultivos dependen del sistema de siembra, las condiciones mecánicas y el contenido de agua del suelo. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue cuantificar los efectos del tráfico agrícola sobre la compactación del suelo, la emergencia y el rendimiento del girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) en dos condiciones de suelo: no-labranza (NL) y labranza convencional (LC). El ensayo se localizó en el oeste de la región pampeana durante tres años sobre suelo Hapludol Entico. Los parámetros medidos fueron: (1) emergencia de semillas, (2) densidad aparente seca, (3) índice de cono, (4) infiltración de agua y (5) rendimiento del cultivo. Los principales resultados mostraron que la emergencia fue 17,3 % más temprana en LC que NL y los valores de índice de cono y densidad aparente fueron menores para el suelo en LC hasta los 450 mm. Los rendimientos promedios fueron de 3,23 ton ha-1 y 1,99 ton ha-1 para LC y NL, respectivamente. La principal conclusión es que el suelo bajo LC posee bajos niveles de compactación hasta los 150 mm, esto resultó en un mayor número de brotes de plantas logrando una distribución del cultivo más uniforme que NL.
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