Impacto negativo da pandemia de COVID-19 na atendimento ambulatório de saúde mental na região de Coquimbo, Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31052/1853.1180.v29.n1.39290Palavras-chave:
Mental Health Services, Outpatient Health Care, Covid-19Resumo
Introdução: A pandemia do COVID 19 sobrecarregou os sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo, gerando, ao mesmo tempo, um impacto negativo na saúde mental da população. Os serviços de saúde mental têm o desafio de responder às necessidades de saúde mental da população em contextos de emergência sanitária.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e explicar o efeito que a pandemia de COVID-19 teve na atenção dos serviços públicos ambulatoriais de saúde mental na região de Coquimbo, Chile.
Materiais e Método: Foi utilizado um método misto sequencial (DEXPLIS). Numa primeira fase, foi realizada uma análise de série temporal ininterrupta no período 2017-2021 dos cuidados de saúde mental incluídos no cadastro estatístico mensal (REM), com uma diminuição de 56% até 2020 nos cuidados ambulatórios. Uma segunda fase qualitativa investigou e aprofundou os achados por meio de uma análise de conteúdo temática das experiências e percepções coletadas por meio de grupos focais de gestores, profissionais e representantes da comunidade.
Resultados e conclusão: Houve uma diminuição do atendimento ambulatorial presencial na região de Coquimbo. Argumenta-se que, diante de emergências semelhantes, o planejamento com relevância territorial e abordagem comunitária é essencial.
Palavras-chave: Serviços de Saúde Mental, Atendimento ambulatorial, COVID-19.
Downloads
Referências
World Health Organization. Mental Health Atlas 2020 [Internet]. Geneva; 2021 [cited 2023 Apr 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240036703
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Tercera ronda de la encuesta nacional sobre la continuidad de los servicios esenciales de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19 (noviembre y diciembre del 2021) [Internet]. Washington DC; 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 5]. Available from: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/56165
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). Demographic Observatory. Latin America and the Caribbean 2022. Population trends in Latin America and the Caribbean: demographic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic [Internet]. Santiago; 2022. Available from: www.issuu.com/publicacionescepal/stacks
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Impacto de la COVID-19 en los servicios para trastornos mentales, neurológicos y por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en la Región de las Américas [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Apr 5]. Available from: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/55389
World Health Organization. Pulse survey on continuity of essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Apr 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-EHS_continuity-survey-2020.1
Hennis AJM, Coates A, del Pino S, Ghidinelli M, de Leon RGP, Bolastig E, et al. COVID-19 and inequities in the Americas: Lessons learned and implications for essential health services. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan American Journal of Public Health [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Apr 5];45. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34987555/
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). The recovery paradox in Latin America and the Caribbean [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Apr 5]. Available from: https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/47059
Pino A, Montt G, Ortiz F, Jaramillo D, Vallejo F. Overview of social protection systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: Progress and setbacks in the face of the pandemic Executive summary [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Apr 5]. Available from: https://www.ilo.org/caribbean/information-resources/publications/WCMS_824905/lang--en/index.htm
Rajkumar RP. COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian J Psychiatr [Internet]. 2020;52(March):102066. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066
United Nations. Policy Brief : COVID-19 and the Need for Action on Mental Health Executive Summary: COVID-19 and the Need for Action on Mental Health [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Apr 5]. Available from: https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-05/UN-Policy-Brief-COVID-19-and-mental-health.pdf
Yao H, Chen JH, Xu YF. Rethinking online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian J Psychiatr [Internet]. 2020;50(March):102015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102015
Fernández RS, Crivelli L, Guimet NM, Allegri RF, Picco S, Pedreira ME. Psychological distress and mental health trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina: a longitudinal study. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2022 Dec 1 [cited 2023 Apr 5];12(1). Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-09663-2
Saunders R, Buckman JEJ, Fonagy P, Fancourt D. Understanding different trajectories of mental health across the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Med [Internet]. 2022 Dec 3 [cited 2023 Apr 5];52(16):4049–57. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721000957
Kavoor AR, Chakravarthy K, John T. Remote consultations in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: Preliminary experience in a regional Australian public acute mental health care setting. Asian J Psychiatr [Internet]. 2020;51(April):102074. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102074
Kauhanen L, Wan Mohd Yunus WMA, Lempinen L, Peltonen K, Gyllenberg D, Mishina K, et al. A systematic review of the mental health changes of children and young people before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 5]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-02060-0
Ellwardt L, Präg P. Heterogeneous mental health development during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2021 Dec 1 [cited 2023 Apr 5];11(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95490-w
Ravens-Sieberer U, Erhart M, Devine J, Gilbert M, Reiss F, Barkmann C, et al. Child and Adolescent Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of the Three-Wave Longitudinal COPSY Study. Journal of Adolescent Health [Internet]. 2022 Nov 1 [cited 2023 Apr 5];71(5):570–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.06.022Journal of Adolescent Health 71 (2022) 570e578
Benton T, Njoroge WFM, Ng WYK. Sounding the Alarm for Children’s Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic [Internet]. Vol. 176, JAMA Pediatrics. American Medical Association; 2022 Apr [cited 2023 Apr 5]. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/ by Ruben Alvarado on 03/10/2023
Samji H, Wu J, Ladak A, Vossen C, Stewart E, Dove N, et al. Review: Mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and youth – a systematic review [Internet]. Vol. 27, Child and Adolescent Mental Health. John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2022 [cited 2023 Apr 5]. p. 173–89. Available from: doi: 10.1111/camh.12501
Wirkner J, Christiansen H, Knaevelsrud C, Lüken U, Wurm S, Schneider S, et al. Mental Health in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Knowledge and Implications from a European Perspective. Eur Psychol [Internet]. 2021 Oct 1 [cited 2023 Apr 5];26(4):310–22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000465
Lewis KJS, Lewis C, Roberts A, Richards NA, Evison C, Pearce HA, et al. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in individuals with pre-existing mental illness. BJPsych Open [Internet]. 2022 Mar [cited 2023 Apr 7];8(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.25
Starace F, Ferrara M. COVID-19 disease emergency operational instructions for Mental Health Departments issued by the Italian Society of Epidemiological Psychiatry. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Apr 7];29(May):e116. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796020000372
Percudani M, Corradin M, Moreno M, Indelicato A, Vita A. Mental Health Services in Lombardy during COVID-19 outbreak. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 2020;288(April):112980. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112980
Estadística IN de. CENSO 2017, Tabulados y Gráficos. 2017 [Internet]. 2017. Available from: https://www.ine.cl/estadisticas/demograficas-y-vitales
Hernández Sampieri. Metodología de la investigación. (6ta Edición). McGraw Hill, editor. 2013. 634 p.
Álvarez-Gayou JL. Cómo hacer investigación cualitativa. 2012. p. 1–222.
Mayring P. Qualitative Content Analysis. Forum: Qualitative Social Research Sozial Forschung [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2023 Apr 7];(December). Available from: http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs/
Amezcua M, Gálvez A. Los modos de análisis en investigación cualitativa en salud: perspectiva crítica y reflexiones en voz alta. Revista Escuela de Salud Pública. 2002;423–36.
Teddlie C, Tashakkori A. Foundations of Mixed Methods Research. United States of America : SAGE Publications; 2009.
Gattini C. Monitoreo, evaluación e investigación de servicios de salud. Bases conceptuales y metodológicas. Santiago de Chile; 2020.
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Escuela de Salud Pública y Ambiente. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Aquellos autores/as que tengan publicaciones con esta revista, aceptan los términos siguientes:
- Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional. que permite copiar, distribuir, exhibir e interpretar la obra siempre que no se haga con fines comerciales.
- Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos telemáticos institucionales o en su página web) luego del proceso de publicación. (Véase El efecto del acceso abierto).
