PERSONALIZED GOVERNMENT Trends in state proactivity for the delivery of public services
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Abstract
Historically, the construction of national states and their gradual development followed a sort of reactive logics, whereby the creation of their organizations, programs and policies aimed at responding to the needs and demands of the citizenry. By the end of the 20th century, government digitalization, made possible by novel information and communication technologies, inaugurated a new stage, in which successive innovations opened the possibility of governments acting proactively, that is, anticipating the delivery of public goods and services without requiring any action from users or beneficiaries, instead of reacting to the demand of the citizens as it was usual. Interoperability amongst data bases and the application of artificial intelligence (AI), have been the main technological tools that made proactive government and personalization of public services possible. This article explores the evolution of this process of transformation in state management; it briefly describes its stages, scope and perspectives. For this purpose, it reviews the traditional modes of interaction between government and citizens, the institution of red-tape, the shape adopted by the state apparatus as a set of vertical silos and its problems of coordination among its units, before describing thereafter, how the possibilities of proactive government and the personalization of its services, tend to invisibilize its intervention. The article relies on an updated bibliography and offers illustrations based on the comparative experience.
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