The sunflower ideotype (Helianthus annuus L.)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Morphological and physiological characteristics that are important to define the potential of yield of the sunflower plant are described. Then an ideal type of plant (ideotype), which should be able to efficiently use the available resources in the field, is proposed. A description of crop development emphasizing the factors that can affect different stages of its development is made. Among the morphological characteristics, it is proposed that plants should have an extended and deep root system and median height shoots with high capacity to store photoassimilates. These could then be reallocated to the capitulum during the grain filling period. Leaves should have a low senescence rate, and the canopy should reach a LAI not lower than 4 in a short time. It is also proposed that the meristematic surface of the receptacle has to reach its maximum size before the floret primordia differentiation begins. The mature capitula should have a low respiratory rate. It also could be desirable to get capitula with larger and heavier fruits and with a high oil content. The crop also should be able to respond efficiently to new agronomic practices such as "intercropping" or "zero tillage".
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Aguirrezábal, L. A. N. (1993). Modelización de la ramificación y el alargamiento del sistema radical del girasol (Helianthus annuus L.). Efecto de la radiación interceptada y de la temperatura. Tesis de Doctorado, Universidad Blas Pascal, Francia.
Aguirrezábal, L. A. N., S. Pellerin y F. Tardieu. (1993). Carbon nutrition, root branching and elongation. Can the present state of knowledge allow a predictive approach at a whole plant level? Environmental and Experimental Botany, 33, 121-130.
Aguirrezábal, L. A. N., E. Deleens y F. Tardieu. (1994). Root elongation rate is accounted for by intercepted PPFD and source-sink relationships in field and laboratory grown sunflower. Plant, Cell and Environment, 17, 443-450.
Aguirrezábal, L. A. N., F. J. Cardinali, G. A. Orioli y L. S. Testoni. (1985). Influencia del tamaño de aquenio sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de la planta de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.). Actas de la XI Conferencia Internacional de Girasol, Mar del Plata, Argentina, pp. 39-43.
Anderson, W. K. (1975). Maturation of sunflower. Australian Journal of Experimental Animal Husbandry, 15, 833-838.
Anfinrud, M. N. y A. A. Schneiter. (1984). Relationship of sunflower germination and vigor test to field performance. Crop Science, 24, 341-344.
Beard, B. H. y S. Geng. (1982). Interrelationships of morphological and economic characters of sunflower. Crop Science, 22, 817-822.
Bingham, J. (1967). Investigation on the physiology of yield in winter wheat by comparison of varieties and by artificial variation in grain number per ear. Journal of Agricultural Science, 68, 411-422.
Black, C. R. (1979). The relative magnitude of the partial resistances to transpirational water movement in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 30, 245-253.
Blarney, F. P. C., D. Mould y J. Chapman. (1979). Critical boron concentrations in plant tissues of two sunflower cultivars in relation to seed yield. Agronomy Journal, 71, 243-247.
Bradshaw, A. D. (1965). Evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Advances in Genetics, 13, 115-155.
Bremner, P. M. y H. M. Rawson. (1978). The weight of individual grains of the wheat ear in relation to their growth potential, the supply of assimilates and interaction between grains. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 5, 61-72.
Brocklehurst, P. A. (1977). Factors controlling grain weight in wheat. Nature (London), 266, 348-349.
Cardinali, F. J., G. A. Orioli y V. R. Pereyra. (1985). Comportamiento de dos híbridos de girasol a bajas densidades de siembra. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía (Buenos Aires), 6, 131-139.
Connor, D. J. y V. O. Sadras. (1992). Physiology of yield expression in sunflower. Field Crops Research, 30, 333-389.
Chapman, S. C., G. L. Hammer y M. Meinke. (1993). A sunflower simulation model. I. Model development. Agronomy Journal, 85, 725-735.
Donald, C. M. y J. Hamblin. (1976). The biological yield and harvest index of cereals as agronomic and plant breeding criteria. Advances in Agronomy, 28, 361-405.
Durrieu, G., C. P. du Sort y A. Merrien. (1985). Anatomie du capitule de tournesol. Consequences sur la nutrition des akenes. Actas de la XI Conferencia Internacional de Girasol, Argentina, pp. 7-12.
English, S. D., J. R. McWilliam, R. C. G. Smith y J. L. Davidson. (1979). Photosynthesis and partitioning of dry matter in sunflower. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 6, 149-164.
Evans, L. T. (1975). The physiology basis of crop yield. En Crop Physiology (L. T. Evans, Ed.). Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 327-355.
Evans, L. T. (1976). Physiological adaptation to performance as crop plants. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 275, 71-83.
Evans, L. T. y I. F. Wardlaw. (1976). Aspects of the comparative physiology of grain yield in cereals. Advances in Agronomy, 28, 301-359.
Fereres, E., C. Giménez y J. M. Fernández. (1986). Genetic variability in sunflower cultivars under drought. I. Yield relationships. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 37, 573-582.
Gaines, M. S., K. J. Vogt, J. L. Hamrick y J. Caldwell. (1974). Reproductive strategies and growth patterns in sunflowers (Helianthus). American Naturalist, 108, 889-894.
Gifford, M. y L. T. Evans. (1981). Photosynthesis, carbon partitioning and yield. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 32, 485-509.
Goyne, P. J. y A. A. Schneiter. (1987). Photoperiod influence on development in sunflower genotypes. Agronomy Journal, 79, 704-709.
Hall, A. J., D. J. Connor y D. M. Whitfield. (1989). Contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to grain filling in irrigated and water-stressed sunflower crops. I. Estimates using labelled carbon. Field Crops Research, 20, 95-112.
Hall, A. J., D. J. Connor y D. M. Whitfield. (1990). Contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to grain filling in irrigated and water-stressed sunflower crops. II. Estimates from a carbon budget. Field Crops Research, 24, 273-294.
Hernández, L. F. (1983). Estudios sobre el desarrollo de los frutos de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) y su respuesta a factores de estrés. Tesis de Magíster Scientiae, Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina. 178 pp.
Hernández, L. F. (1988). Organ Morphogenesis and Phyllotaxis in the Capitulum of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Botany, University of New South Wales, Australia. 217 pp.
Hernández, L. F. (1993). Grain yield of the sunflower capitulum promoted by surgical removal of the involucral bract primordia. Trends in Agricultural Sciences, 1, 127-135.
Hernández, L. F. y G. A. Orioli. (1982). Growth analysis of irrigated sunflower at two plant populations. Actas de la X Conferencia Internacional de Girasol, Australia, pp. 18-21.
Hernández, L. F. y G. A. Orioli. (1983). Estudio comparativo de la estructura foliar, intercepción de luz y rendimiento en girasol. Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología (Madrid), 42, 137-148.
Hernández, L. F. y G. A. Orioli. (1985a). Imbibition and germination rates of sunflower seed according to fruit size. Field Crops Research, 10, 355-360.
Hernández, L. F. y G. A. Orioli. (1985b). Edaphic variations in irrigated soils and its influence on growth and yield of sunflower. Actas de la XI Conferencia Internacional de Girasol, Argentina, pp. 227-233.
Hernández, L. F. y G. A. Orioli. (1985c). Pubescencia foliar en girasol y su influencia sobre la disipación de calor desde la hoja. Actas de la XI Conferencia Internacional de Girasol, Mar del Plata, Argentina, pp. 13-19.
Hernández, L. F. y G. A. Orioli. (1985d). Relationships between root permeability to water, leaf conductance and transpiration rate in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars. Plant and Soil, 85, 229-235.
Hernández, L. F. y G. A. Orioli. (1991). Participación de las diferentes hojas de la planta de girasol durante el llenado de los frutos. Turrialba, 41, 330-334.
Hernández, L. F. y G. A. Orioli. (1992). Incidencia del número de frutos cosechables en la determinación del potencial de rendimiento del cultivo de girasol. Proceder Agrotecnológico, 4, 56-63.
Herzog, H. (1982). Relation of source and sink during grain filling period in wheat and some aspects of its regulation. Physiologia Plantarum, 56, 155-160.
Hocking, P. J. y B. T. Steer. (1983). Uptake and partitioning of selected mineral elements in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) during growth. Field Crops Research, 6, 93-107.
Koide, R. (1985). The nature and location of variable hydraulic resistance in Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower). Journal of Experimental Botany, 36, 1430-1440.
Lloyd, N. D. H. y D. T. Canvin. (1977). Photosynthesis and photorespiration in sunflower selections. Canadian Journal of Botany, 55, 3006-3012.
Marc, J. y J. H. Palmer. (1981). Photoperiodic sensitivity of inflorescence initiation and development in sunflower. Field Crops Research, 4, 155-164.
Martínez-Carrasco, R. y G. N. Thorpe. (1979). Physiological factors limiting grain size in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 30, 669-679.
Orioli, G. A., V. R. Pereyra, J. Beltrano y F. Cardinali. (1977). Acumulación de materia seca, nitrógeno, fósforo y uso de energía en un cultivo de girasol. IADO. Actas de la III Reunión Nacional de Girasol, Buenos Aires, pp. 137-141.
Pereyra, V. R., J. Beltrano y G. A. Orioli. (1977). Densidad de siembra y producción en cultivos de girasol. ADO. Actas de la III Reunión Nacional de Girasol, Buenos Aires, pp. 127-131.
Pieters, G. A. (1985). Effects of irradiation level on leaf growth of sunflower. Physiologia Plantarum, 65, 263-268.
Rawson, H. M. (1979). Vertical wilting and photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of sunflower leaves. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 6, 109-120.
Rawson, H. M. y G. A. Constable. (1980). Carbon production of sunflower cultivars in field and controlled environments. I. Photosynthesis and respiration of leaves, stem and heads. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 7, 555-573.
Shell, G. S. G. y A. R. G. Lang. (1976). Movements of sunflower leaves over a 24-hour period. Agricultural Meteorology, 16, 161-175.
Srivastava, G. C., P. S. Deshmukh y D. P. S. Tomar. (1977). Significance of leaf orientation and bract in seed yield in sunflower. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20, 151-156.
Steer, B. T. y P. J. Hocking. (1983). Leaf and floret production in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as affected by nitrogen supply. Annals of Botany, 52, 267-277.