Yield gap assessment for late corn with diffferent seeding densities in the central region of Córdoba, Argentina
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Abstract
The yield gap (BR) in late corn (December) was evaluated in the central region of Córdoba, Argentina, comparing planting densities (DS) of 6 and 8 pl m-2 using the AquaCrop model. Running the model between 1960 and 2017 required analyzing the consistency of the Penman-Monteith method (PM) to estimate the daily rate of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using only maximum and minimum temperature records (ETo_PMTxTn), instead of the complete set of 4 fundamental variables. The ETo_PMTxTn values explain approximately 80 % of the variability of those obtained with the complete set of variables. AquaCrop was calibrated by using crop coverage samples, aerial biomass and soil water that were collected in a plot of late corn during the crop season 2015-2016. Three sowing dates were evaluated, 3 fixed and 3 variables, with no significant differences in BR for both DS. A small advance or delay in planting does not represent a decision affecting climate risk condition. While the increase of DS to 8 pl m-2 produced a significant increase in BR, it also presented average effective yields (RR) that are higher than those obtained with 6 pl m-2 for 47 of the 57 crop cycles analyzed.
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