Consumo de alcohol en niños y adolescentes: prevalencia en países del cono sur de América Latina, factores de protección y factores de vulnerabilidad

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Agustín Salguero
Lorena Leiva
Maribel Luque
Ricardo Pautassi

Resumen

Esta revisión, narrativa y no sistemática, repasa datos y tendencias sobre la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol en niños y adolescentes, con foco en trabajos de la región sur de América Latina; asimismo, describimos algunos factores, y la investigación asociada que los sustenta, que regulan el consumo de alcohol, particularmente en niños y adolescentes. Los datos relevados sugieren que la edad de inicio de consumo de alcohol ha ido bajando a lo largo del tiempo y que las prevalencias de consumo de vida de alcohol han ido aumentando, al igual que el consumo de 4 - 5 tragos por ocasión de consumo. Describimos factores que abren puertas a tratamientos o intervenciones preventivas, destacando como potencialmente provechosas aquellas basadas en normas sociales, las cuales desafían sesgos cognitivos sobre el consumo de sustancias. A diferencia de los factores de personalidad o biológicos, estas creencias son susceptibles de modificación mediante intervenciones económicas y sencillas.

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Salguero, A., Leiva, L., Luque, M., & Pautassi, R. (2020). Consumo de alcohol en niños y adolescentes: prevalencia en países del cono sur de América Latina, factores de protección y factores de vulnerabilidad. Revista Argentina De Ciencias Del Comportamiento, 12(1), 26–39. https://doi.org/10.32348/1852.4206.v12.n1.24280
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