Palabras clave
estrés
ototoxicidad
Cómo citar
Resumen
La Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) fue reconocida como pandemia el 11 de marzo de 2020 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Debido a su reciente aparición, todavía no conocemos todas las posibles secuelas de la pandemia sobre los sistemas auditivo y vestibular, pero un claro escenario ha comenzado a emerger en el caso de pacientes adultos. En esta breve revisión se describen los efectos más relevantes de COVID-19 sobre los sistemas auditivo y vestibular, su asociación con estrés, ansiedad y depresión, y su impacto sobre el sistema nervioso y la salud mental en estos pacientes. El análisis de los datos reportados hasta este momento sugiere que 8-10% de los individuos infectados con el virus de COVID-19 sufrirán pérdida de audición, mareos y/o vértigo en algún momento durante el curso de su enfermedad, y un adicional 15-20% desarrollarán (o verán una agravación en síntomas previos de) tinnitus y sus asociados trastornos de salud mental como estrés, ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, e irritabilidad. No se descarta, sin embargo, que más y nuevos problemas asociados con COVID-19 sean descriptos en el futuro cercano.
Referencias
Almufarrij, I., y Munro, K. J. (2021). One year on: an updated systematic review of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and audio-vestibular symptoms. International journal of audiology, 60(12), 935–945. https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2021.1896793
Bartels, H., Pedersen, S. S., van der Laan, B. F., Staal, M. J., Albers, F. W., y Middel, B. (2010). The impact of Type D personality on health-related quality of life in tinnitus patients is mainly mediated by anxiety and depression. Otology y neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 31(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181bc3dd1
Bassett, D. S., y Gazzaniga, M. S. (2011). Understanding complexity in the human brain. Trends in cognitive sciences, 15(5), 200–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.03.006
Beukes et. al., 2021 Falta la cita
Bhatta, S., Sharma, S., Sharma, D., Maharjan, L., Bhattachan, S., Sah, M. K., Singhal, A., Ghanpur, A. D., y Ganesuni, D. (2021). Study of fearing status in COVID-19 patients: A multicentered review. Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery: official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 1–7. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-021-02710-w
Bhavana, K., Tyagi, I., y Kapila, R. K. (2008). Chikungunya virus induced sudden sensorineural hearing loss. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 72(2), 257–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.09.022
Bilinska, K., Jakubowska, P., Von Bartheld, C. S., y Butowt, R. (2020). Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry proteins, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in cells of the olfactory epithelium: identification of cell types and trends with age. ACS chemical neuroscience, 11(11), 1555–1562. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00210
Chen, H. C., Chung, C. H., Wang, C. H., Lin, J. C., Chang, W. K., Lin, F. H., Tsao, C. H., Wu, Y. F., y Chien, W. C. (2017). Increased risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with hepatitis virus infection. PloS one, 12(4), e0175266. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175266
Chen, X., Fu, Y. Y., y Zhang, T. Y. (2019). Role of viral infection in sudden hearing loss. The Journal of international medical research, 47(7), 2865–2872. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519847860
Chern, A., Famuyide, A. O., Moonis, G., y Lalwani, A. K. (2021). Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss and intralabyrinthine hemorrhage in a patient with COVID-19. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 42(1), e10–e14. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002860
Cima, R. F. (2017). Stress-related tinnitus treatment protocols: New Treatment Approaches for Chronic Tinnitus-Related Distress. En Szczepek A., Mazurek B. (eds)Tinnitus and Stress (pp. 139-172). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58397-6_8
Coffin, A. B., Boney, R., Hill, J., Tian, C., y Steyger, P. S. (2021). Detecting novel ototoxins and potentiation of ototoxicity by disease settings. Frontiers in neurology, 12, 725566. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.725566
De Luca, P., Scarpa, A., Ralli, M., Tassone, D., Simone, M., De Campora, L., Cassandro, C., y Di Stadio, A. (2021). Auditory disturbances and SARS-CoV-2 infection: brain inflammation or cochlear affection? Systematic review and discussion of potential pathogenesis. Frontiers in neurology, 12, 707207. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.707207
Elgoyhen, A. B., Langguth, B., Vanneste, S., y De Ridder, D. (2012). Tinnitus: network pathophysiology-network pharmacology. Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 6, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2012.00001
Eynard, A. R. (2021). Inflamación de “bajo grado” en el Sistema Nervioso y estrés crónico: aspectos celulares y moleculares básicos en su fisiopatología. Pinelatinoamericana, 1(1), 3–11. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/pinelatam/article/view/35444
Ferreira, A., Romão, T. T., Macedo, Y. S., Pupe, C., Nascimento, O., y Fellow of the American Academy of Neurology (FAAN) (2020). COVID-19 and herpes zoster co-infection presenting with trigeminal neuropathy. European journal of neurology, 27(9), 1748–1750. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14361
Gazzaniga M. S. (2010). Neuroscience and the correct level of explanation for understanding mind. An extraterrestrial roams through some neuroscience laboratories and concludes earthlings are not grasping how best to understand the mind-brain interface. Trends in cognitive sciences, 14(7), 291–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.04.005
Gross, M., Wolf, D. G., Elidan, J., & Eliashar, R. (2007). Enterovirus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus infection screening in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Audiology & neuro-otology, 12(3), 179–182. https://doi.org/10.1159/000099021
Guitton M. J. (2012). Tinnitus: pathology of synaptic plasticity at the cellular and system levels. Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 6, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2012.00012
Holsboer F. (1999). The rationale for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (CRH-R) antagonists to treat depression and anxiety. Journal of psychiatric research, 33(3), 181–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3956(98)90056-5
Horner K. C. (2003). The emotional ear in stress. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 27(5), 437–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00071-x
Jafari, Z., Kolb, B. E., y Mohajerani, M. H. (2021). Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Dizziness in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 1–12. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2021.63
Kalinec, G., Thein, P., Park, C., y Kalinec, F. (2016). HEI-OC1 cells as a model for investigating drug cytotoxicity. Hearing research, 335, 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2016.02.019
Kalinec, G. M., Thein, P., Parsa, A., Yorgason, J., Luxford, W., Urrutia, R., y Kalinec, F. (2014). Acetaminophen and NAPQI are toxic to auditory cells via oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent pathways. Hearing research, 313, 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2014.04.007
Kalinec, G. M., Webster, P., Lim, D. J., y Kalinec, F. (2003). A cochlear cell line as an in vitro system for drug ototoxicity screening. Audiology & neuro-otology, 8(4), 177–189. https://doi.org/10.1159/000071059
Kil, S. H., y Kalinec, F. (2013). Expression and dexamethasone-induced nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in guinea pig cochlear cells. Hearing research, 299, 63–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2013.01.020
Koumpa, F. S., Forde, C. T., y Manjaly, J. G. (2020). Sudden irreversible hearing loss post COVID-19. BMJ case reports, 13(11), e238419. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-238419
Mady, O. M., El-Ozairy, H. S., y Wady, E. M. (2021). Increased incidence of otitis externa in covid-19 patients. American journal of otolaryngology, 42(3), 102672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102672
Matschke, J., Lütgehetmann, M., Hagel, C., Sperhake, J. P., Schröder, A. S., Edler, C., Mushumba, H., Fitzek, A., Allweiss, L., Dandri, M., Dottermusch, M., Heinemann, A., Pfefferle, S., Schwabenland, M., Sumner Magruder, D., Bonn, S., Prinz, M., Gerloff, C., Püschel, K., Krasemann, S., … Glatzel, M. (2020). Neuropathology of patients with COVID-19 in Germany: a post-mortem case series. The Lancet. Neurology, 19(11), 919–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30308-2
Mazurek, B., Boecking, B., y Brueggemann, P. (2019). Association between stress and tinnitus-new aspects. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 40(4), e467–e473. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002180
Monteiro, E., Nascimento, M., Brito, T., Lima, M. C., Sefair, L. R., y Pedrosa, M. M. (2020). Chloroquine and COVID-19: should we care about ototoxicity?. International archives of otorhinolaryngology, 24(3), e359–e363. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714142
Pandian, V., Brodsky, M. B., Brigham, E. P., Parker, A. M., Hillel, A. T., Levy, J. M., Rassekh, C. H., Lalwani, A. K., Needham, D. M., y Brenner, M. J. (2021). COVID-19 survivorship: How otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons can restore quality of life after critical illness. American journal of otolaryngology, 42(3), 102917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.102917
Pitaro, J., Bechor-Fellner, A., Gavriel, H., Marom, T., y Eviatar, E. (2016). Sudden sensorineural hearing loss in children: Etiology, management, and outcome. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 82, 34–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.12.022
Rarey, K. E., y Curtis, L. M. (1996). Receptors for glucocorticoids in the human inner ear. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 115(1), 38–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0194-5998(96)70133-X
Saniasiaya J. (2021). Hearing loss in SARS-CoV-2: What do we know?. Ear, nose, & throat journal, 100(2_suppl), 152S–154S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145561320946902
Satar B. (2020). Criteria for establishing an association between Covid-19 and hearing loss. American journal of otolaryngology, 41(6), 102658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102658
Schurink, B., Roos, E., Radonic, T., Barbe, E., Bouman, C., de Boer, H. H., de Bree, G. J., Bulle, E. B., Aronica, E. M., Florquin, S., Fronczek, J., Heunks, L., de Jong, M. D., Guo, L., du Long, R., Lutter, R., Molenaar, P., Neefjes-Borst, E. A., Niessen, H., van Noesel, C., … Bugiani, M. (2020). Viral presence and immunopathology in patients with lethal COVID-19: a prospective autopsy cohort study. The Lancet. Microbe, 1(7), e290–e299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30144-0
Silva Andrade, B., Siqueira, S., de Assis Soares, W. R., de Souza Rangel, F., Santos, N. O., Dos Santos Freitas, A., Ribeiro da Silveira, P., Tiwari, S., Alzahrani, K. J., Góes-Neto, A., Azevedo, V., Ghosh, P., y Barh, D. (2021). Long-COVID and post-COVID health complications: an up-to-date review on clinical conditions and their possible molecular mechanisms. Viruses, 13(4), 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13040700
Sriwijitalai, W., y Wiwanitkit, V. (2020). Hearing loss and COVID-19: A note. American journal of otolaryngology, 41(3), 102473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102473
Vijayasundaram, S., Karthikeyan, P., y Mehta, S. D. (2020). Proficiency of virtual follow-up amongst tinnitus patients who underwent intratympanic steroid therapy amidst COVID 19 pandemic. American journal of otolaryngology, 41(6), 102680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102680
Zubair, A. S., McAlpine, L. S., Gardin, T., Farhadian, S., Kuruvilla, D. E., y Spudich, S. (2020). Neuropathogenesis and neurologic manifestations of the coronaviruses in the age of coronavirus disease 2019: A Review. JAMA neurology, 77(8), 1018–1027. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2065
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2022 Pinelatinoamericana