Política tecnológica. Una aproximación de sus efectos en las empresas mexicanas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70453/2344.9195.v11.n3.44705Keywords:
technology policy, innovation, SMEs, capabilities, skillsAbstract
One of the substantial reasons for technology policy has been to promote innovation activities, in particular, Research and Development (R&D) as a way to increase the productivity of companies. In this way, innovation is considered fundamental for economic growth and the need to invest in a set of complementary assets, in addition to R&D, is inferred, including software and human capital. The actions undertaken by the State to promote the innovation process are based on the assumption that the R&D carried out within the company will directly or indirectly stimulate the production of new/improved marketable products, new/improved processes or services. List (1841) warns that laws and public institutions, although they do not produce immediate values, can create productive energy. Therefore, the objective of this work is to carry out a descriptive analysis on the results obtained from the promotion instruments implemented by the Mexican government, based on the National Survey on Productivity and Competitiveness of micro, small and medium-sized companies (ENAPROCE, 2015, 2018), which allow us to distinguish the situation of the companies. The main problems they face to innovate and grow, both financial and human resource skills and the use of computer equipment and the Internet to carry out their activities.
Downloads
References
Aguilar Villanueva, L. F. (1993). La implementación de las políticas. Ed. Miguel Ángel Porrúa, México
BM, (2023), PIB, PPA ($ a precios internacionales actuales) – México, Banco Mundial https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?end=2022&locations=MX&name_desc=true&start=2010
Borrás, S. & Edquist C. (2013). The choice of innovation policy instruments. Paper no. 2013/04, CI Research and Competence in the Learning Economy, Lund University
CEPAL (2009), Innovar para crecer. Desafíos y oportunidades para el desarrollo sostenible e inclusivo en Iberoamérica. Naciones Unidas, Santiago de Chile.
Cotec (s/f), Innovación tecnológica. Ideas básicas. Ed. Cotec, Madrid.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) (2015) Encuesta Nacional sobre Productividad y Competitividad de las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas.
INEGI, (2015). Encuesta Nacional sobre Productividad y Competitividad de las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. www.inegi.org.mx
---------, (2018). Encuesta Nacional sobre Productividad y Competitividad de las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. www.inegi.org.mx
Lall, S. (1994). Las capacidades tecnológicas. En Salomón J.J., Sagasti F y Shachs C. (compiladores) Una búsqueda incierta. Ciencia, Tecnología y Desarrollo. Ed. Universidad de las Naciones Unidas, CIDE, El Trimestre Económico, FCE, México.
_____, M. Albaladejo y M. Mesquita (2005). La competitividad industrial de América Latina y el desafío de la globalización. Intal, BID, ITD.
List, F. (1997). Sistema Nacional de Economía Política. México, FCE. 2da edición en español (1841 primera edición en alemán)
Lundvall, B.A. (1992). National systems of innovation. Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London and New York: Printer Publishers.
___________, (1997). The Globalizing Learning Economy: Implitations for Innovation Policy Brussels, DGXII Comission of EU.
________, B. Johnson, E.S. and B. Dalum (2002). National systems of production, innovation and competence building. Research Policy, 31 pp. 213-231
Metcalfe, S. & Georghiou, L. (1997). Equilibrium and Evolutionary Foundations of Technology Policy. Centre for Research on Innovation and Competition (CRIC). Manchester, The University of Manchester.
Nelson R., & Winter, S. (1982). An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, Mass., Belkanap Press of Harvard University Press.
Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1999). La organización creadora de conocimiento. Oxford University Press México.
OCDE, (2020). Aprovechar al máximo la tecnología para el aprendizaje y la formación en América Latina. OCDE, París.
________, (2022). Estudios Económicos de la OCDE: México. OECD, París.
________, FECYT (2018). Manual de Frascati 2015. Guía para la recopilación y presentación de información sobre la investigación y el desarrollo experimental. Ed. Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología.
OECD (2021). OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2021, OECD Publishing, Paris.
OECD. Stat (2023) Growth in GDP per capita, productivity and ULC. Consultado en abril 2023.
ONUDI, (2002). Informe sobre el desarrollo industrial correspondiente a 2002/2003. Competir mediante la innovación y el aprendizaje. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Industrial, Viena.
Rodrik, D. (2013). The past, present and future of economic growth, Global Citizen Foundation, https://drodrik.scholar.harvard.edu/files/dani-rodrik/files/gcf_rodrik-working-paper-1_-6-24-13.pdf
Schumpeter, J. A. (1967). Teoría del desenvolvimiento económico. Ed. FCE, México.
__________ (1971). Capitalismo, socialismo y democracia. Ed. Aguilar, Madrid.
SE, (2013a). DECRETO por el que se reforman, adicionan y derogan diversas disposiciones del Reglamento Interior de la Secretaría de Economía. Diario Oficial de la Federación, 14/01/2013.
__, (2013b). REGLAS de Operación del Fondo Nacional Emprendedor para el ejercicio fiscal 2014. Diario Oficial de la Federación, 28/12/2013.
SE-INADEM, (2018) Libro Blanco Política de Mipymes/INADEM 2013-2018. Secretaría de Economía-Instituto Nacional del Emprendedor. México.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
