Caracterización morfológica y química de nuevos genotipos de girasol confitero (Helianthus annuus L.) desarrollados en Argentina

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María José Martínez
Rebeca Sandrinelli Tesan
Daniel Alvarez
Mercedes Silva
Roxana Aguilar
Adriana Pazos
Mónica Balzarini

Resumen

Argentina es el principal exportador mundial de girasol confitero. Este trabajo caracterizó la composición morfométrica y nutricional de nuevos genotipos de girasol confitero. Las variables morfométricas promedio por semilla fueron: peso 0,11 g y 0,06 g, con y sin aquenio respectivamente; longitud 15,2 mm; ancho 8,50 mm; la mayoría de calibres superiores a 9,51 mm. El análisis composicional indicó que las semillas sin cáscara aportan 49 % de lípidos, 28 % de proteínas, 11 % de carbohidratos y 4,8 % de minerales. La composición de ácidos grasos mostró que los poliinsaturados fueron los componentes principales (56 %), seguidos de los monoinsaturados (34 %) y los saturados (11 %). El genotipo medio oleico presentó porcentaje de ácido oleico significativamente mayor (47 %) y porcentaje de ácido linoleico menor (42 %) que el híbrido comercial. La composición de proteínas fue de 33 % de aminoácidos esenciales (AAE); fibra y azúcares de 3,9 % y 7,3 %, respectivamente; macroelementos K, Mg y Ca, y microelementos Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Co, Mo y Na. Los nuevos híbridos de girasol confitero desarrollados por INTA se destacan por la alta calidad del aceite, proteínas y componentes esenciales, todos estos de importancia para la industria alimenticia.

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Martínez, M. J., Sandrinelli Tesan, R., Alvarez, D., Silva, M., Aguilar, R., Pazos, A., & Balzarini, M. (2022). Caracterización morfológica y química de nuevos genotipos de girasol confitero (Helianthus annuus L.) desarrollados en Argentina . AgriScientia, 39(2), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v39.n2.33523
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