Caracterización morfológica y química de nuevos genotipos de girasol confitero (Helianthus annuus L.) desarrollados en Argentina
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Argentina es el principal exportador mundial de girasol confitero. Este trabajo caracterizó la composición morfométrica y nutricional de nuevos genotipos de girasol confitero. Las variables morfométricas promedio por semilla fueron: peso 0,11 g y 0,06 g, con y sin aquenio respectivamente; longitud 15,2 mm; ancho 8,50 mm; la mayoría de calibres superiores a 9,51 mm. El análisis composicional indicó que las semillas sin cáscara aportan 49 % de lípidos, 28 % de proteínas, 11 % de carbohidratos y 4,8 % de minerales. La composición de ácidos grasos mostró que los poliinsaturados fueron los componentes principales (56 %), seguidos de los monoinsaturados (34 %) y los saturados (11 %). El genotipo medio oleico presentó porcentaje de ácido oleico significativamente mayor (47 %) y porcentaje de ácido linoleico menor (42 %) que el híbrido comercial. La composición de proteínas fue de 33 % de aminoácidos esenciales (AAE); fibra y azúcares de 3,9 % y 7,3 %, respectivamente; macroelementos K, Mg y Ca, y microelementos Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Co, Mo y Na. Los nuevos híbridos de girasol confitero desarrollados por INTA se destacan por la alta calidad del aceite, proteínas y componentes esenciales, todos estos de importancia para la industria alimenticia.
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