Estimación del balance de gases de efecto invernadero en sistemas de producción ganadera de la cuenca del río Salado
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Se comparó el balance de gases efecto invernadero (GEI) de dos modelos de producción ganadera de la cuenca del río Salado, provincia de Buenos Aires. Uno, caracterizado por el uso predominante de pastizal natural en buena condición debido al pastoreo controlado (MP 1), y otro por una mayor superficie de pasturas y cultivos forrajeros, mayor carga animal y producción de carne (MP 2). Se estimaron las emisiones primarias según el IPCC (Panel Intergubernamental del Cambio Climático). Al balance de GEI se incorporaron las estimaciones de las emisiones secundarias y de la ganancia o pérdida de carbono del suelo. Las emisiones resultaron mayores en el MP 2 que en el MP 1 (4500 vs 2273 kg CO2 eq. ha-1año-1 respectivamente, p<0,01). El MP 1 secuestró carbono como carbono orgánico del suelo a una tasa de 1851 kg CO2 eq. ha-1 año-1, mientras que el MP 2 emitió carbono a una tasa de 601 kg CO2 eq. ha-1 año-1. El balance de GEI fue diez veces más negativo en el MP 2 que en el MP 1, cuyo balance resultó neutro. Los sistemas pastoriles de esta región con predominio de pastizal natural bajo pastoreo controlado pueden mitigar los efectos del cambio climático.
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