Incorporación de extractos polifenólicos de tegumento de maní y aceite esencial de orégano en salchichas tipo Frankfurt: efectos en sus propiedades y vida útil
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El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar el efecto del agregado de extractos polifenólicos de tegumento de maní (EP) y aceite esencial de orégano (AEO) en las propiedades microbiológicas, químicas y sensoriales de salchichas tipo Frankfurt durante el almacenaje. Se prepararon siete tratamientos: salchichas control (sin aditivos), con aditivos comerciales, con AEO, con EP Runner, con EP Virginia, con EP Runner y AEO y con EP Virginia y AEO. Inicialmente, sobre las muestras sin almacenaje, se determinó aceptabilidad por consumidores y composición química general. Las salchichas se almacenaron a 4 °C durante 37 días, y se extrajeron muestras para análisis microbiológico, químico (índice de peróxido, dienos conjugados) y sensorial descriptivo a los días 0, 12, 23 y 37. Todos los tratamientos tuvieron bajos contenidos de lípidos (3.36 g/100g) y buenos resultados de aceptabilidad, con valores entre 5-7 (escala hedónica de 9 puntos). La ausencia de aditivos comerciales (nitrito, nitrato y otros compuestos) afectó el color característico del producto, reduciendo su aceptabilidad. Los tratamientos con aditivos naturales tuvieron menor deterioro microbiológico y químico durante el almacenaje. Los resultados sugieren que los extractos de piel de maní y el aceite esencial de orégano pueden reemplazar a los aditivos comerciales como conservantes en salchichas.
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