Desempeño de diferentes índices de vegetación de Sentinel-2 para estimar el rendimiento de soja en agricultura de precisión
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La agricultura de precisión (AP) apunta a identificar la variabilidad del cultivo y del suelo en un lote para mejorar el manejo y optimizar el empleo de insumos. Los mapas de rendimiento son herramientas relevantes para planificar la AP. Los índices de vegetación (IV) provenientes de la teledetección permiten monitorear la variación espacio-temporal de los cultivos durante la estación de crecimiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la idoneidad de diferentes IV de Sentinel-2A para estimar el rendimiento de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril) en el marco de la AP. El estudio se realizó empleando un mapa de rendimiento de soja (campaña 2017-2018) de un lote ubicado al sur de la
ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Se calcularon IV empleando la diferencia, el cociente y la diferencia normalizada, tomando de a dos bandas de una imagen de Sentinel-2A del 4/2/2018. Se computó el valor absoluto del coeficiente
de correlación lineal de Pearson (|r|) entre los distintos IV y el rendimiento de soja. El mayor valor de |r| (0,726) correspondió a la diferencia entre las bandas 8 (NIR) y 12 (SWIR), permitiendo reproducir con suficiente precisión y
anticipación la variabilidad espacial de los rendimientos en el lote.
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