Fisiopatología de la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal: revisión del proceso de muerte neuronal a la neuroplasticidad

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Germán Leandro Pereno

Resumen

El presente trabajo de revisión, está orientado y pretende introducir al lector a los conceptos básicos de la epilepsia, especialmente la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal. Partiendo del conocimiento provisto por diferentes modelos animales, se introduce la fisiopatología de este tipo de epilepsia reconociendo la participación de dos sistemas de neurotransmisión: el gabaérgico y glutamatérgico. Es conocido que el exceso de glutamato tiene como consecuencia la muerte neuronal: la excitotoxicidad. Se enumeran diferentes investigaciones que, a pesar de mostrar, a veces resultados contradictorios, la mayoría de ellas encuentran muerte neuronal en áreas del sistema límbico luego de un estado epiléptico en animales de experimentación. Finalmente, como el cerebro no es inmutable a esta muerte, se revisan los principales conceptos de neuroplasticidad, seleccionando investigaciones que demuestran los procesos plásticos que ocurren en cerebros epilépticos, tanto en el hipocampo como en la amígdala.

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Pereno, G. L. (2010). Fisiopatología de la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal: revisión del proceso de muerte neuronal a la neuroplasticidad. Revista Argentina De Ciencias Del Comportamiento, 2(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.32348/1852.4206.v2.n1.5269
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Biografía del autor/a

Germán Leandro Pereno, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología.

Cátedra de Neurofisiología y Psicofisiología.

Citas

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