NITRATE/AMMONIUM RELATIONSHIPS AND THEIR EFFECT ON VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT IN THE PIGMENTED LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) PIC-M1 EXPERIMENTAL VARIETY.
Keywords:
nitrate, ammonium, growth, lettuce, concentration, minerals, anthocyaninsAbstract
Nitrate fertilization of leafy crops, such as lettuce, can lead to high nitrate concentrations in plant tissue. Recent studies suggest a harmful effect of the consumption of foods with high nitrate content, however, a reduction in the supply of this ion can lead to a decrease in plant growth. For this reason, the objective of the experiment was to evaluate the concentration of nitrate in fresh lettuce tissue as an effect of variations in the relationship between the two forms of nitrogen absorption (nitrate and ammonium), considering also the effect on plant growth, using an experimental genotype of purple lettuce. This experiment was established under protected conditions at the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. Seedlings of the experimental variety PIC-M1 were transplanted into pots with peat moss-perlite substrate 30 days after emergence. A completely randomized design was established, with 4 treatments of nitrate/ammonium ratios (95-5%, 90-10%, 85/15% and 80/20%) and eight replicates. Thirty days after establishment, the variables height gain (GA), number of leaves (NH), stem diameter (DT), total fresh weight (TFW), total dry weight (TD), total soluble solids (TSS), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+) and nitrate (NO3-) content in fresh tissue and total anthocyanins (TA) were evaluated. The increase of ammonium in the nutrition increased the height, number of leaves and fresh weight of lettuce, however, it decreased the levels of K+ and increased the content of NO3- in fresh tissue, no statistical difference was observed in the content of total anthocyanins.
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