Detection of risk factors for kidney disease in adolescents

Abstract

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Argentina goes beyond 12% in adult population and in the world it is more than 17% in people over 20 (2).

The main etiological causes of terminal chronic kidney disease (TCKD) in the world and Latin America are diabetes (DBT) and high blood pressure (HBP). Diabetes is clearly going up due to the increase of obesity.

Objective: To detect risk factors (HBP, DBT, dyslipemia, obesity, smoking) for kidney disease in adolescent students over 16 at Colegio Nacional Manuel Belgrano, in the city of Cordoba, Argentina.

Material and methods: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study with students from Colegio Nacional Manuel Belgrano, in the city of Cordoba, Argentina carried out in May and June 2011. The study includes male and female students over 16.

Results: The sample included 93 students. Three percent of patients presented HBP Phase 1; and 3% presented pre-hypertension. Only one had systolic and diastolic HBP, the rest only systolic.

In male patients, 1 out of 53 (1.88%) had an abdominal circumference over 102 cm and in female patients 3 out of 40 (7.50%) had abdominal circumferences over 88 cm.

We found a significant correlation between systolic HBP and abdominal circumference (0.28 with P< 0.01) and between females and abdominal circumference (0.35 with P<0.001).

Conclusion: The association between an increased abdominal circumference and the prevalence of HBP confirms that the determination of abdominal circumference in obese children and adolescents is a precise and adequate method to identify fat distribution patterns and predict cardiovascular risk situations. Patients with HBP were associated with lack of exercise and possibly bad eating habits and one of them with increased BMI and abdominal waist. The patient with HBP was related to family HBP background, lack of exercise and bad eating habits.