Ciencia de los impactos y ciencia de la producción para un desarrollo nanotecnológico sostenible
Mots-clés :
nanotecnología, desarrollo sostenible, ciencia de los impactos, la cinta de producción, principio de precaución, trayectoria tecnológicaRésumé
La nanotecnología se promueve como solución a problemas tan diversos como el hambre en el mundo, la dependencia energética y la degradación del medio ambiente. La investigación nanotecnológica aspira a proporcionar nuevos materiales, procesos de producción y aplicaciones militares y comerciales que transformarán las relaciones sociales y las economías. Aunque algunos consideran que la nanotecnología avanza en la modernización ecológica, este análisis de las estructuras de financiación de la ciencia y de las prioridades y los objetivos institucionales suscita la preocupación de que la última década de inversión en nanotecnología ha servido para acelerar la cinta de la producción. La carrera transnacional por desarrollar la capacidad nanotecnológica brinda la oportunidad de examinar cómo se desarrolla y se libera el potencial científico, y con qué fines. Los patrones de inversión en investigación nanotecnológica demuestran que se hace hincapié en la ciencia de la producción y se presta relativamente poca atención a la ciencia de los impactos, destinada a comprender los riesgos que la nanotecnología puede plantear para el medio ambiente y la salud pública. El resultado de esta asignación sesgada de los fondos de investigación es que la investigación en nanotecnología, que podría aprovecharse para mejorar la sostenibilidad, ha disminuido en cambio la capacidad de los sistemas sociales para comprender y responder a los cambios en los ecosistemas.
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