Desvelando Secretos Hormonales
una revisión del Hipotiroidismo en el Embarazo a través de Casos Clínicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v81.n4.44304Palabras clave:
hipotiroidismo, complicaciones del embarazo, atención primaria de salud, glándula tiroidesResumen
Antecedentes: La disfunción tiroidea durante la gestación impacta negativamente a la mujer y su descendencia, siendo el periodo temprano de gestación crítico para posibles repercusiones. Establecer estrategias de atención previas y durante la concepción es crucial para resultados favorables en el embarazo. Objetivo: Esta revisión es recopilar la evidencia científica más reciente para orientar el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico basado en casos clínicos, incluyendo la descripción de la fisiología tiroidea durante el embarazo y estrategias de identificación de pacientes de alto riesgo para tratamiento. Método: Esta revisión bibliográfica combinó términos DeCs y MeSH de la pregunta PICOT, abarcando el periodo entre 2015 y 2022 en 5 bases de datos. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español que respondieran a la pregunta PICOT y contribuyeran a la explicación de dos reportes de caso. Resultados: Se recolectaron 1452 artículos, los cuales posterior a una eliminación por duplicidad en primera instancia y posterior filtración según criterios de inclusión y exclusión realizada por 2 revisores de manera ciega se obtuvieron 32 artículos los cuales fueron incluidos en esta revisión. Conclusiones: el hipotiroidismo manifiesto se relaciona con desenlaces negativos materno-fetales y su tratamiento mejora estas complicaciones. Sin embargo, en estados limítrofes como hipotiroidismo subclínico, hipotiroxinemia aislada y autoinmunidad tiroidea, la incertidumbre sobre el impacto del tratamiento persiste debido a la escasez de ensayos controlados. Se subraya la importancia de que todos los médicos estén familiarizados con esta condición durante la gestación.
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