Genética y obesidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v65.n4.23569Palabras clave:
obesidad, genética, niño, adolescenteResumen
Antecedentes: La obesidad es un fenómeno complejo que involucra interacciones entre el medio ambiente y la sociedad y factores genéticos. Los estudios genéticos en modelos animales y humanos han permitido grandes avances en el conocimiento de la regulación del peso corporal. Identificación de la leptina/melanocortina hipotalámica en muchos casos de obesidad monogénica, ha permitido un enfoque específico y basado en hipótesis. Experimentos a realizar, y ha implicado a nuevos candidatos como causantes de problemas de casos clínicos no caracterizados de obesidad.
Fuentes de datos: Revisión narrativa. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos de PubMed, Lilacs y ScieLo con el método términos "obesidad", "genética" y limitada sólo para "todos los niños de 0 a 18 años".
Resultados: Numerosos estudios en niños y adolescentes, han tratado de identificar genes candidatos. En los resultados no son concluyentes. Por lo tanto, es todavía prematuro genotipo niño obeso en un gran para pruebas predictivas. Mientras tanto, los efectos de las mutaciones en el gen receptor de la melanocortina 4, para los cuales el fenotipo de la obesidad varía en el grado de severidad entre los individuos, se piensa ahora ser influenciado por el entorno ambiental de uno. Los enfoques moleculares han revelado que los síndromes que antes se suponía que estaban controlados por un solo gen están regulados a la inversa por elementos múltiples.
Conclusiones: Cuando se dispone de tratamientos específicos basados en descubrimientos recientes, la genética podría ayudar a discriminar los diferentes tipos de obesidad que pueden responder de forma diferente a medidas terapéuticas.
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