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Abstract
Safflower is a minor oilseed crop that can be included in the rotation with cereal winter crops in semiarid regions such as the southwest of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Breeding or introduction of genotypes require the development of agronomic practices adjusted to the region where they are to be implemented. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the phenology, some morphological traits, the oil content, the fruit yield and some yield components of three contrasting safflower genotypes sown under six sowing dates between May and July in two locations. Fruit yield under the three earliest sowing dates was the highest, but diverse responses were seen among combinations of genotypes and locations. Anthesis in early sowing dates was not advanced compared to later sowing dates, but the vegetative stage was extended and it occurred under smoother climate conditions. Fruit yield and oil content both decreased when the sowing date was delayed. The number of capitula of the top five branches and the capitulum diameter were tightly related to the fruit yield variation. Generally, under the assayed conditions, fruit yield was maximum under late May sowing date, which depends on the cold tolerance of the genotypes and the environmental conditions.
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