Efecto del aceite esencial obtenido de semillas de comino (Cuminum cyminum L.) de Catamarca, Argentina, sobre las plagas de maíz almacenado, Sitophilus zeamais y Fusarium verticillioides
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Se estudió la composición del aceite esencial de Cuminum cyminum L. de la provincia de Catamarca, Argentina, y su actividad insecticida y antifúngica. Los principales constituyentes detectados por GC y GC/MS fueron: cuminaldehído (20,58 %), ϒ-terpineno (20,43 %), p-cimeno (17,35 %) y β-pineno (13,75 %). La actividad insecticida se evaluó contra Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Los resultados mostraron valores de concentración letal (CL) CL50 y CL95 del aceite de comino de 66,39 μL/L y 370,14 μL/L de aire, respectivamente. Además, el aceite esencial tuvo un efecto repelente a 4 μL/L y 0,4 μL/L y una inhibición de la actividad acetilcolinesterasa de 88,39 % y 47,75 % a concentraciones de 9,2 y 2,3 mg/L, respectivamente. La actividad antifúngica contra Fusarium verticillioides se evaluó a 250 500 y 1000 μL/L. En el caso de la concentración más alta de aceite esencial de comino, se observó una inhibición del desarrollo fúngico de aproximadamente 80 %. La fase de latencia y la tasa de crecimiento de F. verticillioides se vieron afectadas considerablemente y fueron dosis-dependiente. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio revelaron el posible uso del aceite de comino como alternativa natural en el control de S. zeamais y F. verticillioides, principales plagas delmaíz almacenado.
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